The Moral Reasoning of Ideology: The Mediating Role of Moral Foundations, Moral Absolutism, and Consistency Norm

Focusing on the ideological and worldview premises of moral reasoning, our study (N = 313) has as a starting point the well-known relationship between morality and distributive justice norms. We examined the serially mediating role of progressiveness on morality, moral absolutism, and consistency norm on the relationship between ideological/worldview perspectives and distributional criteria. Three groups of respondents were formed based on participants’ ideological and worldview perceptions and then serial mediation analysis was conducted. The present findings suggest that morality is predicted by ideology and worldview and predicts attitudes toward the norms of equity and welfare chauvinism, through moral absolutism and interpretations of consistency norm, thus confirming our hypothesis. Moderate Passive Individualists emerged as the group who adopts the most progressive and inclusive attitude towards moral evaluations and practices, while Demobilized Collectivists and Neoliberals maintain a more conservative attitude towards issues that are subjected to moral framing. Our findings shed light on the crucial role of consistency norm, which has not received enough attention until now. (AU)

Saúde mental e atuação de psicólogos hospitalares brasileiros na pandemia da covid-19 / Health and works of brazilian hospital psychologists in the covid-19 pandemic / Salud mental y actuación de psicólogos en hospitales brasileños en la pandemia del covid-19

Em março de 2020 a situação causada pela covid-19 foi elevada à categoria de pandemia, impactando de inúmeras formas a vida em sociedade. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os impactos da pandemia na atuação e saúde mental do psicólogo hospitalar, profissional que atua nos espaços de saúde e tem experienciado mais de perto o sofrimento dos doentes e dos profissionais de saúde frente à covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo com 131 psicólogos que atuam em hospitais. Os profissionais foram convidados a participar através de redes sociais e redes de contatos das pesquisadoras, utilizando-se a técnica Bola de Neve. Foram utilizados dois questionários, disponibilizados na plataforma Google Forms, um abordando os impactos da pandemia sentidos pelos profissionais e outro referente ao sofrimento psíquico. Os dados foram analisados a partir de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Foram observados impactos na atuação de quase a totalidade dos participantes, constatada a necessidade de preparação dos profissionais para o novo cenário, a percepção de pouco apoio institucional e quase metade da população estudada referiu-se a sintomas de sofrimento psíquico considerável desde o início da pandemia. É fundamental dar atenção a sinais e sintomas de sofrimento psíquico, procurando evitar o adoecimento de uma categoria profissional que se encontra na linha de frente do combate aos danos psicológicos da pandemia e cuja própria saúde mental é pouco abordada na literatura.(AU)

In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic breakout hugely impacted life in society. This study analyzes how the pandemic impacted hospital psychologists' mental health and performance, professional who more closely experienced the suffering of patients and health professionals in this period. An exploratory and descriptive study was conducted with 131 hospital psychologists. Professionals were invited to participate through the researchers' social and contact networks using the Snowball technique. Data were collected by two questionnaires available on the Google Forms platform, one addressing the impacts felt by professionals and the other regarding psychic suffering, and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that almost all participants had their performance affected by the need to prepare for the new scenario, the perceived little institutional support. Almost half of the study sample reported considerable psychological distress symptoms since the beginning of the pandemic. Paying attention to signs and symptoms of psychic suffering is fundamental to avoid compromising a professional category that is on the front line of combating the psychological damage caused by the pandemic and whose own mental health is little addressed by the literature.(AU)

En marzo de 2020, la situación provocada por el COVID-19 se caracterizó como pandemia e impactó el mundo de diversas maneras. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender los impactos de la pandemia en la salud mental y la actuación del psicólogo en los hospitales, uno de los profesionales que trabaja en espacios sanitarios y que ha experimentado más de cerca el sufrimiento de pacientes y profesionales sanitarios frente al COVID-19. Este es un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, realizado con 131 psicólogos que trabajan en hospitales. Los profesionales recibieron la invitación a participar a través de las redes sociales y redes de contactos de las investigadoras, mediante la técnica snowball. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios disponibles en la plataforma Google Forms: uno sobre los impactos de la pandemia en los profesionales y el otro sobre el sufrimiento psíquico. Los datos se analizaron a partir de estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Se observaron impactos en el trabajo de casi todos los participantes, la necesidad de preparación de los profesionales para este nuevo escenario, la percepción de poco apoyo institucional, y casi la mitad de la población estudiada reportaron sentir síntomas de considerable angustia psicológica desde el inicio de la pandemia. Es esencial prestar atención a los signos y síntomas del sufrimiento psíquico, buscando evitar la enfermedad de una categoría profesional que está a la vanguardia de la lucha contra el daño psicológico de la pandemia y cuya propia salud mental se aborda poco en la literatura.(AU)

Notas sobre psicoterapia de grupo operativa y clínica institucional en el hospital de día de salud mental / Notes on institutional clinical and operative group psychotherapy in the mental health day hospital

El dispositivo grupal es un instrumento terapéutico y de investigación para la Concepción Operativa de Grupo. Este trabajo pretende ser un relato abierto y reflexivo desde nuestra experiencia, en el contexto asistencial e institucional del Hospital de Día de Salud Mental en el que trabajamos. Partimos de una concepción de “sujeto” producido en una red vincular, siendo el primer grupo el grupo familiar. Por tanto, la subjetividad, objeto de estudio, está determinada histórica, familiar y socialmente. La psicoterapia de grupo, la convivencia terapéutica, el trabajo en equipo interdisciplinar y la subjetividad son los puntos de partida para el desarrollo de una clínica grupal e institucional en dispositivos asistenciales de salud mental del ámbito público. (AU)

The group device is a therapeutic and research instrument for the group operative conception. This work aims to be an open and reflective account from our experience in the care and institutional context of the Mental Health Day Hospital in which we work. We start from a conception of “subject” produced in a link network, being the first group the family group. Therefore, subjectivity, object of study, is determined historically, familiarly, and socially. Group psychotherapy, therapeutic coexistence, interdisciplinary teamwork and subjectivity are the starting points for the development of a group and institutional clinical practice in mental health assistance devices in the public sphere. (AU)

The analyst's vitalizing function and the living word in the analysis room: from Thomas Ogden / A função vitalizadora do analista e a palavra viva na sala de análise: reflexões a partir de thomas ogden

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas ideias de Thomas Ogden sobre a importância dada aos sentimentos de vitalidade e desvitalização, como medida fundamental para o entendimento do que ocorre no processo analítico. Com o uso de duas vinhetas clínicas de uma das autoras, pretendeu-se a articulação com as ideias de Ogden, destacando-se o encaminhamento para um encontro vitalizado entre analista e paciente por meio de uma linguagem viva, visando a busca da verdade emocional conectada à vitalidade da sessão.

Abstract: This article aims to present some ideas by Thomas Ogden on the importance given to feelings of vitality and devitalization, as a fundamental measure for understanding what happens in the analytical process. With the use of two clinical vignettes by one of the authors, the intention was to articulate with Ogden's ideas, highlighting the referral to a vitalized encounter between the analyst and the patient through a living language, aiming at the search for connected emotional truth to the vitality of the session.

Incidencia del bienestar subjetivo y equilibrio trabajo-familia en cuanto a la cultura trabajo-familia en trabajadores del poder judicial chileno / Incidence of subjective well-being and work-family balance in terms of workfamily culture in workers of the chilean judicial branch

Resumen El presente trabajo determina la relación entre bienestar subjetivo y equilibrio trabajo-familia en la cultura trabajo-familia en trabajadores ligados al poder judicial en Chile. A 143 trabajadores se les administró el Cuestionario de Cultura Trabajo-Famila (Thompson et al., 1999), la Escala de Equilibrio Trabajo-Famila (Moreno et al., 2009) y Bienestar Subjetivo (Diener et al., 1999). Se observa que la cultura trabajo-familia es explicada en un 44.7% por el bienestar subjetivo y específicamente con la Interfase Negativa del Equilibrio Trabajo-Familia. Se concluye con las implicancias en la gestión organizacional para aplicar estrategias organizacionales que incorporen las dimensiones de bienestar y políticas de conciliación, que consideren un entorno saludable para los trabajadores del poder judicial.

Abstract This study determines the relationship between subjective well-being and work-fa- mily balance in work-family culture in workers linked to the judiciary in Chile. 143 wor- kers were administered the Work-Family Culture Questionnaire (Thompson et al., 1999), the Work-Family Balance Scale (Moreno et al., 2009) and Subjective Well-being (Diener et al., 1984). We found that 44.7% of the Work-Family Culture is explained by subjecti- ve well-being and specifically with the Negative Interface of the Work-Family Balance. It concludes with the implications of promoting initiatives to foster organizational strategies that incorporate the dimensions of well-being and conciliation policies that build a healthy environment for workers in the judiciary.

O infantil¹: suas múltiplas dimensões / The infantile: its multiple aspects / Lo infantil: sus múltiples dimensiones / L'infantile: ses multiples dimensions

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar a importância fundamental do infantil para a clínica e a teoria psicanalíticas. O infantil pode ser apreendido na experiência psicanalítica como expressão princeps da realidade psíquica, da dimensão inconsciente da subjetividade humana. O infantil não concerne apenas aos analistas de crianças, pois não é assimilável à infância ou às fases de desenvolvimento. Diferente do infantilismo comportamental, o infantil obedece a uma sobredeterminação causal, não linear, de composição aberta ao acaso, ao incerto. Longe de ser uma memória fotográfica do passado ou de condutas infantis no adulto, o infantil aponta para os modos de registro e inscrição do que Freud chamou de Erlebnis, "vivência infantil". A tese nuclear é que, para o sujeito, na clínica psicanalítica e independentemente de preferências por um ou outro modelo teórico-clínico, estará sempre em jogo a eficácia dessas inscrições, sua metabolização e simbolização possível ou não, e sua força pulsional viva no presente. O infantil não emerge apenas como resistência ou testemunho do recalcamento da sexualidade infantil, mas como representante atual e vivo da busca por uma experiência criativa e reparadora (neogênese) do que não pôde ser experimentado como continuidade de ser, como expressão potencial, como impulso criativo, e que, por incapacidade ou inadequação do objeto primário, teve de ser recalcado ou clivado. Transformar a relação com o infantil não significa eliminá-lo, mas permitir um reordenamento, uma ressignificação para que o novo possa advir. Fonte de desilusão ou inspiração, nunca deixará de ser referência.

This work aims at showing the extreme importance of the infantile for the psychoanalytical clinic and theory. The infantile may be grasped during the psychoanalytical experience as the princeps expression from psychic reality, from the unconscious of the human subjectivity. The infantile does not concern only children's analysts, as it is not connected to childhood or the development phases; which is different than childish behavior patterns. The infantile follows a casual predominance, non-linear, open to chance, to the doubtful. It is not about having a photographic memory about the past or an adult having childish behavior - the infantile shows what Freud called Erlebnis, "childish perception". The thesis is that, for the subject, the impact of these registrations, their metabolization and symbology, being possible or not, and their strength, is alive in the present, being the subject in a psychoanalytical clinic and not determining preferences for this or that theory-clinical model. The infantile does not emerge only as resistance or testimonial of repressed childhood sexuality, but also as current and vivid representation of the search for a creative and restorative (neogenesis) experience of what couldn't be experimented as the continuity of being, as expression of one's potential, as creative impulse that, due to inability or inadequacy of the primary object, had to be repressed or cleaved. Transforming the relation with the infantile does not mean eliminating it. It is about allowing a reorganization, redefinition, so that something new can arise from it. It can be source of disappointment or inspiration, but it will always be a reference.

El objetivo de este texto es presentar la importancia fundamental de lo infantil para la clínica y la teoría psicoanalíticas. Lo infantil puede ser aprehendido en la experiencia psicoanalítica como expresión prínceps de la realidad psíquica, de la dimensión inconsciente de la subjetividad humana. Lo infantil no atañe solo a los analistas de niños, pues no es asimilable a la infancia o las fases de desarrollo; diferente del infantilismo comportamental, lo infantil obedece a una sobredeterminación causal, no linear, de composición abierta al acaso, a lo incierto. Lejos de una memoria fotográfica del pasado o de conductas infantiles en el adulto, lo infantil apunta a los modos de registro e inscripción de lo que Freud llamó Erlebnis, "vivencia infantil". La tesis nuclear es que, para el sujeto, en la clínica psicoanalítica e independientemente de preferencias por este o aquel modelo teórico-clínico, estará siempre en juego la eficacia de estas inscripciones, su metabolización y simbolización posible o no, y su fuerza pulsional viva en el presente. Lo infantil no emerge solo como resistencia o testimonio de la represión de la sexualidad infantil, sino como representante actual y vivo de la búsqueda por una experiencia creativa y reparadora (neogénesis) de lo que no pudo ser experimentado como continuidad de ser, como expresión potencial, como impulso creativo y que, por incapacidad o inadecuación del objeto primario, debió ser reprimido o clivado. Transformar la relación con lo infantil no significa eliminarlo, sino permitir una reordenación, una resignificación para que lo nuevo pueda advenir. Fuente de desilusión o inspiración, nunca dejará de ser referencia.

L'objectif de ce texte, c'est de présenter l'importance fondamentale de l'infantile pour la clinique et la théorie psychanalytique. L'infantile peut être appréhendé dans l'expérience psychanalytique en tant que l'expression princeps de la réalité psychique, de la dimension inconsciente de la subjectivité humaine. L'infantile ne concerne pas seulement les analystes d'enfants, car ce n'est pas assimilable à l'enfance ou aux phases de développement ; contrairement à l'infantilisme comportemental, l'infantile obéit à une surdétermination causale, non linéaire, de composition ouverte au hasard, à l'incertain. L'infantile désigne les manières d'enregistrement et d'inscription de ce que Freud a appelé Erlebnis, « vécu infantile ¼, bien qu'il ne soit pas une mémoire photographique du passé ou de conduites infantiles chez l'adulte. La thèse nucléaire, c'est que, pour le sujet, dans la clinique psychanalytique et indépendamment de préférences par l'un ou l'autre modèle théorique-clinique, il sera toujours en jeu l'efficace de ces inscriptions, sa métabolisation et symbolisation possible ou non, et sa force pulsionnelle vivante à présent. L'infantile n'émerge pas seulement en tant que résistance ou témoin du refoulement de la sexualité infantile, mais en tant que représentant actuel et vivant de la quête d'une expérience créative et réparatrice (néogenèse) de ce qui ne peut pas être expérimenté comme une continuité d'être, comme une expression potentielle, comme une impulsion créative et qui, par incapacité ou inadéquation de l'objet primaire, a dû être refoulé ou clivé. Transformer le rapport avec l'infantile ne signifie pas l'éliminer, mais permettre un reclassement, une resignification pour que le nouveau puisse advenir. Toute en étant une source de désillusion ou d'inspiration, il ne laissera jamais d'être une référence.

Leadership.

We asked group leaders how they foster mutually reinforcing research productivity and psychological safety in their teams.

Psicólogos en el frente: la atención durante la crisis del Covid-19. De las emociones tóxicas a la salud psicológica / Psychologists at the Front: attention during the Covid-19 crisis. From toxic emotions to psychological health

Objetivos: sobre el marco de la pandemia del COVID-19 y la consecuente cuarentena, esta investigación tuvo por objetivo recolectar las principales intervenciones -"facilitadores"- que han realizado los psicólogos clínicos durante la cuarentena (4 meses). Materiales y métodos: es un estudio cualitativo, donde se seleccionó una muestra de 30 psicólogos psicoterapeutas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), de ambos sexos, con 10 a 30 años de experiencia clínica y de diferentes filiaciones terapéuticas, a través de un muestreo no probabilístico, intencional, basado en el conocimiento del investigador sobre la población de profesionales bajo estudio.Se privilegió la experiencia clínica, a la edad, género y modelo terapéutico. Se les formuló una pregunta concreta acerca de ¿cuáles fueron las principales intervenciones que realizaron con sus pacientes a la altura de 4 meses de cuarentena (20 al 30 de julio de 2020), enumerando y explicando un mínimo de 5 (cinco). Resultados: los facilitadores fueron agrupados en categorías por similitudes de intervención y contenido explicativo. De los 150 obtenidos, uniendo las diferentes y descartando las reiteraciones, se seleccionaron 15. Conclusiones: las intervenciones unen filosofía reflexiva de vida y acciones concretas para cambiar, apoyándose en algunos puntos comunes como la perspectiva de atribución de significado positivo por sobre las cosas, personas o situaciones, el empoderamiento y la seguridad, evitar climas beligerantes, crear y hacer proyectos a futuro, mejorar las relaciones con el entorno conviviente, reducir la incertidumbre y niveles de agresión, incertidumbre, angustia y ansiedad..Au

Objectives: on the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent quarantine, this research aimed to collect the main interventions - "facilitators" - that clinical psychologists have carried out during the quarantine (4 months). Materials end methods: it is a qualitative study, where a sample of 30 professionals from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) was selected, of both sexes, with between 10 and 30 years of clinical experience and different therapeutic affiliations, through a sampling non-probabilistic, intentional, based on the researcher's knowledge of the population of professionals under study. The clinical experience, age, gender and therapeutic model was privileged. They were asked a specific question about what were the main interventions they carried out with their patients at the height of 4 months of quarantine? (July 20 to 30, 2020), listing and explaining a minimum of 5 (five). Results: the facilitators were grouped into categories by similarities of intervention and explanatory content. Of the 150 obtained, joining the different ones and discarding the reiterations, 15 were obtained. Conclusions: the interventions unite reflective philosophy of life and concrete actions to change, relying on some common points such as the perspective of attribution of positive meaning over things, people or situations, empowerment and security, avoid belligerent climates, create and carry out projects for the future, improve relationships with the living environment, reduce uncertainty and levels of aggression, uncertainty, anguish and anxiety..Au

Late guidance resolves the search slope paradox in contextual cueing.

Visual search is facilitated by statistical learning of repeated search contexts, termed 'contextual cueing'. Repeated displays are thought to enhance attentional guidance, but this has been challenged by the absence of search-slope differences between repeated and novel displays. Here we use eye-tracking to resolve this paradox by calculating a measure of when during search the contextual cueing benefit emerges. In 24 human participants we observe typical reaction time and fixation count benefits for repeated contexts, but no slope differences between repeated and novel search contexts. Eye-tracking showed that the attentional guidance benefit emerged over time, occurring later for larger set sizes, and producing similar response time benefits for small and large set sizes. We argue that repeated and novel contexts have similar slopes because learning benefits are confined to target-adjacent regions of roughly equivalent area across set sizes. This finding rules out one of the strongest pieces of evidence against an attentional account of contextual cueing.

Infants' use of motion cues in object individuation processes.

We investigated 10-month-old infants' and adults' numerical expectations in scenarios where information on self-motion and static object features may give rise to numerically incongruent representations. A red circle or a blue box with yellow stripes appeared on the left side of a screen, moved autonomously sideways and then moved back behind the screen. Next, on the opposite side, an identical object was first brought in view by a hand and then pushed back behind the screen (Experiments 1 and 2). The screen was finally removed, revealing either one or two objects. Infants looked longer at one-object test events, suggesting that they expected to find two objects. Adults were also shown these animations and were asked for their numerical expectations. Contrary to infants, they expected one single object (Experiment 3). Whereas preverbal infants' numerical expectations appeared to be dominated by information on object autonomous and induced motion, adults' expectations were mainly guided by information about object shape, size, and color. These findings were discussed in relation to current models on the development of object individuation processes.

Concurrent working memory load may increase or reduce cognitive interference depending on the attentional set.

Perceptual grouping leads to interference when target and distractors are integrated within the same percept. Cognitive control allows breaking this automatic tendency by focusing selectively on target information. Thus, interference can be modulated either by goal-directed mechanisms or by physical features of stimuli that help to segregate the target from distractors. In three experiments, participants had to respond to the left-right direction of a central arrow, flanked by two arrows on each side. Sometimes, instructions requested to also stay vigilant for detecting an infrequent vertical/horizontal displacement of the target, thus loading working memory. Although it has been usually shown that concurrent working memory load hinders target selection, the present research provides evidence that interference may either increase or decrease depending on whether dual tasking draws attention to the grouping (horizontal displacement) or to an orthogonal dimension (vertical displacement), revealing counterintuitive benefits of working memory load. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Uncovering Underlying Processes Before Illusion of Control Begins in Gambling Disorder: A Pilot Study.

Gambling Disorder (GD) is characterized by persistent betting even in face of accruing debts and psychosocial hardship. Gambling Disorder behavior has been linked to conditioning, cognitive distortions and superstitious behavior. Previous studies have demonstrated that during response-outcome analytical tests (ROAT), non-gambling individuals are precluded from response extinction when failure feedback is suppressed, and develop superstitious behaviors and illusion of control instead. Gambling can be regarded as a ROAT paradigm in which disordered gamblers (DGs) fail to compute failure feedback; hence they do not perceive the independence between response and outcome. In order to investigate early phenomena on response and outcome processing in DGs, we developed two short ROAT versions, one with a controllable outcome and one with an uncontrollable outcome, both with explicit failure feedback. Twenty DGs and twenty healthy controls were assessed using this novel paradigm. Compared to controls, DGs reported higher distress during the controllable ROAT, less self-confidence in the uncontrollable ROAT, and more random responses and less use of analytical strategies in both tests, evidencing potential deficits in cognitive control. In contrast to previous findings, DGs did not demonstrate more superstitious beliefs, or illusion of control, and were generally more skeptical than controls regarding the controllability of both ROAT versions. Taken together, our findings provide some support for deficits in cognitive control in GD that precede illusion of control and superstitious behaviors.

It Is What You Have, Not What You Lose: Effects of Perceived Gains and Losses on Goal Orientation Across Adulthood.

OBJECTIVES: Goal orientation tends to shift from predominantly striving for gains to maintenance and loss avoidance across adulthood. A dominant hypothesis states that age-related increases in losses drive the motivational shift. The present study tests this hypothesis and an alternative, namely that perceived accumulation of resources/assets and discrepancy between the actual and desired state underlie the stronger maintenance and loss-avoidance orientation in older than younger adults. METHODS: Data from N = 182 U.S. adult participants on Amazon Mechanical Turk (preregistered; 50.0% female; 19-77 years, M = 45.1, SD = 15.86) comprise measures of demographics, goal orientation in 16 selected life domains as well as perceived accumulation, losses, actual-desired discrepancy in the same domains. RESULTS: Multilevel modeling analyses showed that, as expected and confirming prior research, gain orientation decreased and maintenance orientation increased with age. Moreover, both perceived losses and accumulation of resources/assets increased with age, while the actual-desired discrepancy decreased. Larger perceived accumulation and smaller actual-desired discrepancies were associated with stronger maintenance orientation. Regardless of age, a smaller actual-desired discrepancy was also associated with stronger loss-avoidance orientation. Contrary to predictions, perceived losses were negatively associated with gain orientation, but not significantly associated with maintenance or loss-avoidance orientation. DISCUSSION: Results replicate the shift in goal orientation across adulthood. Speaking against the loss hypothesis, perceived accumulation of resources/assets and actual-desired discrepancy seem to play an important role in determining goal orientation over adulthood, while the role of perceived losses may be less significant than commonly assumed.

Measuring task set preparation versus mind wandering using pupillometry.

We investigated participants' task set preparation by measuring changes in pupil diameter during a blank interval as they prepared for an easy (i.e., prosaccade) or difficult (i.e., antisaccade) trial. We used occasional thought probes to gauge "on-task" thoughts versus mind wandering. In both studies, participants' pupil diameters were larger when anticipating an antisaccade, relative to a prosaccade, trial. In contrast, their self-reported mind wandering depended upon whether the thought probes occurred after their target detection response (Experiment 1) or occurred in lieu of target detection (Experiment 2). In the latter case, self-reported mind wandering echoed the pupil diameter changes in demonstrating greater off-task behavior when preparing for a prosaccade trial. More important, trial type effects in pupil diameter emerged only when participants reported being "on-task," but disappeared during periods of mind wandering. These results demonstrate that changes in pupil diameter reflect the degree of preparatory control exerted for an upcoming trial, but only when attention is actively focused on the upcoming task. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

El derecho al aborto en la formación psi: Tensiones, demandas y desafíos

Desde la Cátedra Libre por el Derecho al Aborto Legal, Seguro y Gratuito de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, espacio conformado en 2016, se presentan aportes al debate sobre el aborto legal en el campo de la formación "psi". Los diferentes capítulos de esta obra surgen de las discusiones y producciones de distintas actividades (jornadas, talleres, seminarios, etc.). El libro se compone de tres partes: la primera presenta una genealogización de la demanda por el derecho al aborto y los debates en el campo de la psicología a partir de referentes como Graciela Zaldúa, Nina Brugo, Martha Rosenberg, Débora Tajer y Elsa Schvartzman. En la segunda parte se desarrollan dos trabajos: uno analiza el tratamiento del aborto en la formación de grado y otro, las prácticas de interrupción legal del embarazo desde los equipos de salud en el primer nivel de atención. El último apartado presenta la síntesis de producciones de fin de grado de estudiantes de Psicología acerca del tema del aborto. (AU)

Psychological and environmental factors for older adults to exercise: A systematic review / Factores psicológicos y ambientales para que los adultos mayores hagan ejercicio: Una revisión sistemática / Fatores psicológicos e ambientais para o exercício de adultos mais velhos: uma revisão sistemática

Research investigation concerning potential motivators and psychological influences on health and physical exercise participation have increased worldwide in the last two decades. In contrast, few investigations have analysed this phenomenon in older people living in different contexts. Older adults suffer a notable diminution of physical functions that may be followed by psychological disorders and are detrimental to their affective and social relationships. Therefore, it is of great importance to find strategies that increase the participation of older adults' in regular exercise. A systematic review of 945 studies was conducted. All of the 27 studies reviewed, that met the inclusion criteria, have undertaken mixed-method, qualitative and qualitative approaches. The data were extracted based on the following variables: the methodology and the instrument/questionnaire used, the type of article, number of participants, duration and intensity of the interventions, profile of the older adults, most relevant findings and the country where the study was developed. The instruments used in the studies, were mainly semi-structured interviews, discussion groups and questionnaires, focusing mainly on the United States and Canada. The knowledge of psychological and environmental factors is a key aspect relevant to both the social and physical aspects and has a strong influence on older people's commitment to exercise, influencing their wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators of adherence to a physical exercise programme for older adults

Las investigaciones sobre los posibles factores motivadores e influencias psicológicas sobre la salud y la participación en el ejercicio físico han aumentado en todo el mundo en las últimas dos décadas. En contraste, pocas investigaciones han analizado este fenómeno en adultos mayores que viven en varios contextos. Los adultos mayores sufren una disminución notable de las funciones físicas que pueden ser seguidas por trastornos psicológicos y un detrimento de las relaciones afectivas y sociales. Por lo tanto, es de suma importancia encontrar estrategias para aumentar la participación regular de los adultos mayores en prácticas de ejercicio físico dirigido. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de 945 estudios. Todos los 27 estudios revisados, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, han adoptado métodos mixtos, cuantitativos y cualitativos. Los datos se extrajeron de acuerdo con las siguientes variables: metodología científica, el instrumento / cuestionario utilizado, tipo de artículo, número de participantes, duración e intensidad de las intervenciones, perfil del colectivo de adultos mayores, los hallazgos más relevantes y el país donde se realizó el estudio. Los instrumentos utilizados en los estudios fueron principalmente entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos de discusión y cuestionarios, centrados principalmente en Estados Unidos y Canadá. El conocimiento sobre los factores psicológicos y ambientales es un aspecto clave que se encuentra adyacente tanto a los aspectos físicos como a los sociales y tiene una influencia relevante en el ejercicio y el bienestar de los adultos mayores. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las barreras y los facilitadores a la hora de realizar un programa de ejercicio físico para adultos mayores

Pesquisas sobre possíveis fatores motivadores e influências psicológicas na saúde e participação em exercícios físicos aumentaram em todo o mundo nas últimas duas décadas. Por outro lado, poucas investigações analisaram esse fenômeno em idosos que vivem em vários contextos. Os idosos sofrem uma diminuição notável nas funções físicas que podem ser seguidas por distúrbios psicológicos e um prejuízo para as relações afetivas e sociais. Portanto, é de extrema importância encontrar estratégias para aumentar a participação regular de idosos em práticas direcionadas de exercícios físicos. Uma revisão sistemática de 945 estudos foi realizada. Todos os 21 estudos revisados, que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, adotaram métodos mistos, quantitativos e qualitativos. Os dados foram extraídos de acordo com as seguintes variáveis: metodologia científica, instrumento / questionário utilizado, tipo de artigo, número de participantes, duração e intensidade das intervenções, perfil do grupo de idosos, achados mais relevantes e país onde o estudo foi realizado. Os instrumentos utilizados nos estudos foram principalmente entrevistos semiestruturadas, grupos de discussão e questionários, focados principalmente nos Estados Unidos e no Canadá. O conhecimento de fatores psicológicos e ambientais é um aspecto fundamental, adjacente aos aspectos físicos e sociais, e tem uma influência relevante no exercício e no bem-estar dos idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar as barreiras e facilitadores na realização de um programa de exercícios físicos para idosos

Sexual transgressions in couples: the influence of dependence and commitment on their perception and handling

Transgressions occur frequently in romantic relationships, and how they are perceived is influenced by the type of transgression that occurred. By means of an experimental study of 399 participants (75.9% women and 24.1% men) aged 18 to 64 years old (Mage = 31.20, SD = 10.48), we examined the relationship between the type of sexual transgression (infidelity versus coercion), and perceived severity, strategies individuals would use in response to the transgression, and the probability they would leave the relationship, as well as levels of dependence and commitment. Results revealed higher perceived severity (p < .001, η2p = .24) and probability of leaving the relationship (p < .001, η2p = .39) in the infidelity scenario (versus coercion). Meanwhile, women (compared to men) rated sexual transgressions as more severe (p < .001, η2p = .04) and reported a higher probability of leaving the relationship (p < .001, η2p = .03), as well as a higher use of active conflict resolution strategies (exit, p = .048, η2p = .01, and voice, p < .001, η2p = .06) and lower use of passive strategies (loyalty, p < .001, η2p = .08). Finally, high levels of commitment and dependence predicted lower perceived severity (commitment, p < .001, 95% CI [-.72, -.20]; dependence, p < .001, 95% CI [-1.73, -.85]) and lower probability of leaving the relationship (commitment, p = .048, 95% CI [-.55, -.01]; dependence, p < .001, 95% CI [-1.66, -.73]) in coercion (versus infidelity) transgressions. These results highlight the normalization of sexual coercion in romantic relationships, which is not viewed as negatively as infidelity, and that commitment and dependence contribute to minimizing the negative impressions of it

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Conciencia ecológica y experiencia ambiental en la infancia / Ecological awareness and children's environmental experience

Hasta fechas muy recientes, el estudio de las creencias y actitudes ambientales se ha centrado en muestras de participantes adultos. Sin embargo, conocer el nivel de conciencia ambiental infantil es relevante, ya que facilitará que las generaciones futuras asuman las exigencias de la proambientalidad. Este trabajo destaca la importancia de las experiencias ambientales en la infancia para asumir valores y creencias proambientales. Se ofrecen datos sobre el nivel de conciencia ecológica de muestras infantiles en España utilizando tanto la Escala del Nuevo Paradigma Ambiental (NEP) como la Escala de Percepción de Problemas Ambientales (CEPS). Los datos registrados permiten concluir que el nivel de conciencia ecológica de la población infantil española es medio-alto. Además, se propone un modelo en el que se definen cuatro perfiles ecológicos en la infancia: Eco-orientados, naturalistas de salón, utilitaristas y tecno-orientados. Se concluye destacando el valor de las experiencias de contacto con la naturaleza

Until recently, the study of environmental beliefs and attitudes has been focused on adults. However, a better understanding of chil-dren's environmental awareness is needed, since this will make it easier for future generations to assume the demands of pro-environmentalism. This paper highlights the importance of environmental experiences during childhood for the development of pro-environmental attitudes. We discuss different data about Spanish children's ecological awareness, measured with the New Envi-ronmental Paradigm (NEP) scale and the Children's Environmental Perception Scale (CEPS). According to our findings, Spanish children show a medium-high level of ecological awareness. In addition, we propose a model describing four ecological profiles: eco-oriented, lounge naturalists, utilitarians and techno-oriented. We conclude by highlighting the value of experiences of contact with nature for children's pro-environmentalism

Immoral Professors and Malfunctioning Tools: Counterfactual Relevance Accounts Explain the Effect of Norm Violations on Causal Selection.

Causal judgments are widely known to be sensitive to violations of both prescriptive norms (e.g., immoral events) and statistical norms (e.g., improbable events). There is ongoing discussion as to whether both effects are best explained in a unified way through changes in the relevance of counterfactual possibilities, or whether these two effects arise from unrelated cognitive mechanisms. Recent work has shown that moral norm violations affect causal judgments of agents, but not inanimate artifacts used by those agents. These results have been interpreted as showing that prescriptive norm violations only affect causal reasoning about intentional agents, but not the use of inanimate artifacts, thereby providing evidence that the effect of prescriptive norm violations arises from mechanisms specific to reasoning about intentional agents, and thus casting doubt on a unified counterfactual analysis of causal reasoning. Four experiments explore this recent finding and provide clear support for a unified counterfactual analysis. Experiment 1 demonstrates that these newly observed patterns in causal judgments are closely mirrored by judgments of counterfactual relevance. Experiment 2 shows that the relationship between causal and counterfactual judgments is moderated by causal structure, as uniquely predicted by counterfactual accounts. Experiment 3 directly manipulates the relevance of counterfactual alternatives and finds that causal judgments of intentional agents and inanimate artifacts are similarly affected. Finally, Experiment 4 shows that prescriptive norm violations (in which artifacts malfunction) affect causal judgments of inanimate artifacts in much the same way that prescriptive norm violations (in which agents act immorally) affect causal judgments of intentional agents.

Novel Labels Increase Category Coherence, But Only When People Have the Goal to Coordinate.

From infancy, we recognize that labels denote category membership and help us to identify the critical features that objects within a category share. Labels not only reflect how we categorize, but also allow us to communicate and share categories with others. Given the special status of labels as markers of category membership, do novel labels (i.e., non-words) affect the way in which adults select dimensions for categorization in unsupervised settings? Additionally, is the purpose of this effect primarily coordinative (i.e., do labels promote shared understanding of how we categorize objects)? To address this, we conducted two experiments in which participants individually categorized images of mountains with or without novel labels, and with or without a goal of coordination, within a non-communicative paradigm. People who sorted items with novel labels had more similar categories than people who sorted without labels only when they were told that their categories should make sense to other people, and not otherwise. We argue that sorters' goals determine whether novel labels promote the development of socially coherent categories.